What is the function of an electrical transformer?

The function of an electrical transformer is primarily to change the voltage level of electrical energy. Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction, allowing them to step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage levels in alternating current (AC) circuits while maintaining the same power level. This voltage adjustment is crucial for efficient power distribution and transmission, as high voltages are used to minimize losses over long distances, and lower voltages are used for safe consumer use.

The ability to change voltage levels is achieved through the transformer's windings on a magnetic core; the ratio of turns in the primary and secondary coils determines whether the voltage is increased or decreased. This essential function enables vast electrical grids to operate efficiently and safely, providing the necessary voltage levels for various applications and devices in both residential and industrial settings.